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2014年5月31日 星期六

道元正法眼藏的一元思維(67) (英譯) 十方


《十方The Ten Directions  永平道元禪師 (英譯)



拳頭一只,只個十方;赤心一片,玲瓏十方,敲出骨裡髓了也。釋迦牟尼佛告大眾言:“十方佛土中,唯有一乘法。”謂十方者,把來佛土作是。是故,若不拈來佛土,則不有十方也。是為佛土故,以佛為主也。此裟婆國土,如釋迦牟尼佛土。舉拈此裟婆世界,明記八兩半斤;須參學十方佛土之為七尺八尺。

拳頭一只,有個十方;赤心一片,是玲瓏十方,是敲出骨裡髓了(指識心緣起法的一元性)。釋迦牟尼佛告訴大眾說:「十方佛土中,唯有一乘法。」(《法華經》方便品) 所謂『十方』,把來佛土(即佛性恁麼而有識性,識性依真如法緣起大千世界)作是。所以,若不拈來佛土,則不有十方。因是為佛土,以佛(即佛性恁麼的一元識性)為主。此裟婆國土,如釋迦牟尼佛土。舉拈此裟婆世界,明記八兩半斤;須參學十方佛土是為七尺八尺。(這是說一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的,即佛有、佛時,即是十方佛土(盡界是佛界)。但每一依真如法位而有的佛界有其尺量,如裟婆世界是八兩半斤。道元是說,緣起法是有差別,但不要落入思量分別。)

A single fist is just the ten directions; a single bare mind is the ten directions crystal clear. The marrow is beat from the bones. The Buddha Śākyamuni addressed the great assembly saying, In the buddha lands of the ten directions, there is only the dharma of the one vehicle. These ten directions have been formed by grasping the buddha lands. Therefore, if we did not take up the buddha lands, there would be no ten directions. Since they are Buddha lands, a buddha is their ruler, as this Sahā world is the buddha land of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Holding up this Sahā world and noting clearly eight tael and a half catty, we should study that the buddha lands of the ten directions are seven feet or eight feet.



此十方者,入一方,入一佛,故現十方。十方(是)一方,是方自方,今方故,是眼睛方也,拳頭方也,露柱方也,燈籠方也。如是十方、佛土十方,不有大小,非淨穢。是故,十方唯佛與佛,相稱揚讚歎也。更不互誹謗,以說其長短好惡為轉法輪,不為說法。諸佛及佛子,助發問訊。

此十方,是入一方,入一佛,故現十方。十方是一方,是方自方,是今方,是眼睛方,拳頭方,露柱方,燈籠方。如是十方、佛土十方,不有大小,非淨穢。(這仍是強調一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的) 所以,十方唯佛與佛,相稱揚讚歎。更不互誹謗,以說其長短好惡為轉法輪(即識性依真如法位而有差別相,但不應落入四相分別),不為說法。諸佛及佛子,助發問訊。(道元禪師是說八識轉變的諸識即是諸佛,三界是唯佛與佛。識轉變間一元性的運作緣起法相,是不為說法的轉法輪,是互為所依所緣的,是不互誹謗的。當然道元禪師不知道有所謂的『精神分裂症(思覺失調症))

These ten directions enter one direction, enter one buddha. Therefore, they have manifested the ten directions. Because the ten directions are one direction, this direction, ones own direction, the present direction, they are the direction of the eye, the direction of the fist, the direction of the exposed column, the direction of the lantern. The buddhas of the ten directions of such buddha lands in the ten directions are not large or small, are not pure or dirty. Therefore, only a buddha and a buddha in the ten directions praise and admire each other. They do not take condeming each other, talking of their strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, as turning the wheel of dharma and preaching the dharma. As buddhas and buddhas children, they assist and inquire [of each other].



稟受佛祖之法,則如此參學也。非如外道魔黨,是非毀譽。而今批閱傳于真丹國之佛經,覲見一代教化之始末,釋迦牟尼佛未曾說他方諸佛其為劣,未曾說他方諸佛為其勝,亦未曾說他方諸佛非諸佛。大凡於一代之說教中,全不見諸佛相互是非(誹謗)之佛語也,不見傳他方諸佛是非(譭謗)釋迦牟尼佛之佛語。

稟受佛祖的法,則如此參學。非如外道魔黨,是、非、毀、譽(即落入二元性的分別思量)。而今批閱傳於真丹國的佛經,覲見一代教化的始末,釋迦牟尼佛未曾說他方諸佛其為劣,未曾說他方諸佛為其勝,亦未曾說他方諸佛非諸佛。大凡於一代的說教中,全不見諸佛相互誹謗的佛語,不見傳他方諸佛譭謗釋迦牟尼佛的佛語。

In receiving the dharma of the buddhas and ancestors, one studies in this way. One does not slander and insult over rights and wrongs like the alien ways and minions of Māra. When we peruse the scriptures of the Buddha transmitted to the country of Cīnasthāna and look at the entirety of his ministry, the Buddha Śākyamuni never preached that the buddhas of other directions are inferior, or preached that the buddhas of other directions are superior; nor did he preach that the buddhas of other directions are not buddhas. In general, what one does not see in all the teachings of his entire life is a word of the Buddha judging other buddhas; nor has there been transmitted any word of a buddha in which the buddhas of the other directions judge the Buddha Śākyamuni.



是故,釋迦牟尼佛告大眾言:“唯我知是相,十方佛亦然。”當知“唯我知是相”之相者,即打圓相也。圓相者,“這竿得恁麽長,那竿得恁麽短”也。十方佛所道者,即說著“唯我知是相,釋迦牟尼佛亦然”也,“唯我證是相,自方佛亦然”也。即我相、知相、是相、一切相、十方相、裟婆國土相、釋迦牟尼佛相也。

所以,釋迦牟尼佛告訴大眾說:「唯我知是相,十方佛亦然。」(《法華經》方便品) 當知『唯我知是相』的相,即是打圓相。『圓相』,就是『這竿得恁麽長,那竿得恁麽短』(一元性緣起法相的有差別而無分別,是『高處高平,低處低平』的平等相)。十方佛所說的,即說著『唯我知是相,釋迦牟尼佛亦然』,『唯我證是相,十方佛亦然』。即我相、知相、是相、一切相、十方相、裟婆國土相、釋迦牟尼佛相。

Therefore, the Buddha Śākyamuni addressed the great assembly saying, I alone know their marks / And the buddhas in the ten directions are also like this. We should know that the mark in I alone know their marks is making a circular mark. The circular mark is this bamboo is this long; that bamboo is that short. In the words of the buddhas in the ten directions, they say, I alone know their marks, and the Buddha Śākyamuni is also like this. I alone verify their marks, and the buddha of ones own direction is also like this. They are the mark of I, the mark of know, the mark of their, the mark of all, the mark of the ten directions, the mark of the land of Sahā, the mark the Buddha Śākyamuni.



此宗旨者,即是佛經也。諸佛並國土者,非兩頭;非有情,非無情;非迷悟,非善惡無記等;非淨非穢,非成非住,非壞非空,非常非無常,非有,非無,非自。離四句也,絕百非也。但是十方也,但是佛土也。是故,十方者,只是有頭無尾漢也!

此意義,即是佛經。諸佛並國土,是非(性相)兩頭;非有情,非無情;非迷悟,非善惡無記等;非淨非穢,非成非住,非壞非空,非常非無常,非有,非無,非自。是離四句,絕百非(不落入語言文字)。但是十方,但是佛土。所以,十方,只是有頭無尾漢!(即諸佛並國土是佛性識的依真如法緣起,有緣起『有』必有『十方』,也就是有緣起法就不會無『十方,一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的。)

This point is the scripture of the buddha. The buddhas and the lands of the buddhas are not two; they are not sentient or insentient; not deluded or awakened; not good, bad, or neutral; not pure, not dirty; not formation, not continuation, not destruction, not emptiness; not permanent, not impermanent; not existent, not nonexistent; not themselves. They are free from the four propositions; they have cut off the hundred negations. They are just the ten directions; they are just the buddha lands. Hence, the ten directions are just a fellow with a head and without a tail.



長沙景岑禪師告大眾言:“盡十方界,是沙門一只眼。”今所言者,翟曇沙門眼者,即吾有正法眼藏(之眼)也;咐囑阿誰,亦是翟曇沙門眼也。盡十方界之角角尖尖,是翟曇之眼處也。此盡十方界者,是沙門眼中之一只也;由此向上,則有許多眼也。

長沙景岑禪師告訴大眾說:「盡十方界,是沙門一只眼。」(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 今所說的,翟曇沙門眼(佛一元識性),即是吾有正法眼藏的眼;咐囑阿誰,亦是翟曇沙門眼。盡十方界的角角尖尖(緣起萬法),是翟曇的眼處(性相一如的公案現成)。此盡十方界,是沙門眼中的一只;由此向上,則有許多眼(即識性是佛性的恁麼而有,於向上處就是佛性真如的恁麼而起的三界識性)

The Chan Master Changsha Jingcen addressed the great assembly saying, All the worlds in the ten directions are a single eye of the śramaa. What is referred to here is one of the eyes of the śramaa Gautama. The eye of the śramaa Gautama is I have the treasury of the eye of the true dharma. No matter to whom it is transmitted, it is the eye of the śramaa Gautama. Each horn and each point of all the worlds in the ten directions is the eye of Gautama. All the worlds in the ten directions here is one among the eyes of the śramaa. Beyond this, he has so many eyes.



“盡十方界,是沙門家常語。”家常者,尋常也。日本國俗語,則謂世常。然則,沙門家常之言語者,是盡十方界也,言端語端也。家常語以是盡十方界故,明須參學盡十方界是家常語之道理。此十方無盡故,即盡十方也。家常中,即用此語也。如彼索馬索鹽,索水索器;如奉水奉器,奉鹽奉馬。誰知沒量大人于此語脈裡轉身轉腦!於語脈裡轉語也。海口山舌,言端語直之家常也。是故,掩口掩耳,十方真個是也。

『盡十方界(無分別的一元性緣起法界),是沙門家常語。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 家常,即是尋常。日本國俗語,則是說世常。然而,沙門家常的言語,是盡十方界,言端語端。家常語因是盡十方界,明須參學盡十方界是家常語的道理。因此十方無盡,即是盡十方。家常中,即是用此語。如彼索馬索鹽,索水索器;如此奉水奉器,奉鹽奉馬(即不落入思量分別的日常行履,即是一元性佛行,即『平常心是道)。誰知沒量大人(指超越數量分別的禪心,即自心佛,《惟則語錄》卷九)於此語脈裡轉身轉腦!是於語脈裡轉語(指緣起法的公案現成)。海口山舌(無情法的現成公案),是言端語直(依真如法緣起)的家常。所以,掩口掩耳,真個是十方佛(即公案現成的法,是因相顯性)

All the worlds in the ten directions are the everyday words of the śramaa. The everyday is the ordinary; in the vernacular idiom of the land of Japan, we say the common. Thus, the common language in the house of the śramaa is all the worlds in the ten directions. The speech is straightforward; the words are straightforward. Because the everyday words are all the worlds in the ten directions, we should clearly study the principle that all the worlds in the ten directions are everyday words. Because these ten directions are inexhaustible, they exhaust the ten directions. We use these words in everyday [speech]. They are like that requesting a horse, requesting salt, requesting water, and requesting a bowl; like offering water, offering a bowl, offering salt, and offering a horse. Who knows how the immeasurably great person (means: buddha of self) turns his body and turns his brain within this flow of words? He turns the words within the flow of words. The mouth of the ocean and the tongue of the mountain these are the everyday [language] of speech straightforward and words direct. Therefore, covering the mouth and covering the ears are what the ten directions truly are.



“盡十方界,沙門全身。”一手指天是天,一手指地是地。雖然如是,天上天下,唯我獨尊。是沙門全身之為盡十方界也。頂顛、眼睛、鼻孔,皮肉骨髓之個個,皆是透脫盡十方之沙門身也。不動著盡十方亦如是也。不待擬議計量,拈來盡十方界為沙門身,見盡十方界為沙門身。

『盡十方界,是沙門全身(一元佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的)。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 一手指天是天,一手指地是地。雖然如是,天上天下,唯我獨尊。是沙門全身的盡十方界。頂顛、眼睛、鼻孔,皮肉骨髓的個個,皆是透脫盡十方的沙門身(緣起萬法的差別相,即是『真實人體』身相的種種)。不動著(即真如法性)盡十方亦如是(即性相是一如)。不待擬議計量(不落分別),拈來盡十方界為沙門身,見盡十方界為沙門身。

All the worlds in the ten directions are the entire body of the śramaa. One hand pointing to the heavens is heaven; one hand pointing to the earth is the earth. Although they are such, in the heavens above and beneath the heavens, I alone am honored. This is all the worlds of the ten directions as the entire body of the śramaa. The head, eye, nose, skin and flesh, bones and marrow each is the body of the śramaa that passes through and beyond all the ten directions. It is like this without moving all the ten directions; it does not depend on considering and thinking. In taking up the body of the śramaa of all worlds in the ten directions, ones see the body of the śramaa of all worlds in the ten directions.



“盡十方界,是自己光明。”謂自己者,父母未生以前之鼻孔也。誤謂鼻孔在自己手裡為盡十方界。然則,自己現成,則公案現成也,開殿見佛也。然眼睛被別人換卻木槵子了也。然則,劈面來,可得大家相見。更呼則易,遣則難,而喚得回頭,自回頭,堪作何用?飯待吃人,衣待著人。雖如摸索不著,可惜許,曾與你三十棒。

『盡十方界,是自己光明(佛性恁麼的識性功德用)。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 所謂自己(佛性恁麼的識性),是父母未生以前的鼻孔。誤說鼻孔在自己手裡為盡十方界(即是說:識心仍是佛性的功德法相,所以三界識心是迷於己界的一元性中)。然而,自己現成(性相一如),則是公案現成,是開殿見佛。然是眼睛被別人換卻木槵子了(識心仍是佛性恁麼而有公德的)。然而,劈面來,可得大家相見(識心雖是佛性功德法相,但所緣真如法的法相仍是性相一如的)。自己光明的法性更呼則易,遣則難,而修證時是喚得回頭,自回頭,堪作何用?飯待吃人,衣待著人(即『吃飯』、『著衣』法中,有自性光明)。雖如摸索不著,可惜許,曾與你三十棒(禪家用語,褒貶之意,但此是指日常行履,都是這自性光明『人』的棒棒)

All the worlds in the ten directions are the radiance of the self. The self means the nose before your father and mother were born. The nose inadvertantly in the hand of the self is called all the ten directions. Still, when the self is realized, it is the realized kōan; it is opening the hall and seeing the buddha. Nevertheless, the eye has been switched by another for a soapberry seed. Nevertheless, coming at it head on, one should be able to encounter the great ones. Furthermore, though we say summoning him is easy; sending him off is hard, having been called, he turns his head. What is the use of his turning his head? Make this fellow turn his head. When the food waits for the person to eat it, and the clothes wait for the person to wear them, though we seem to be groping for it without touching it, how sad that I have already given you the thirty blows.



“盡十方界,在自己光明裡。”眼皮一枚,是為自己光明;以忽然打綻為在裡;見由在眼,謂之盡十方。雖然如是,然則,同床眠,知被穿。“盡十方界,無一人不是自己。”是故,個個作家,個個拳頭,無一十方不是自己。以是自己故,自自己己,皆是十方也。自自己己之十方,親近掛礙於十方也。自自己己之命脈,共在自己手裡故,還他本分草料也。而今為何(言)達磨眼睛、翟曇鼻孔在露柱胎裡?曰:出入也,十方十面一任也。

『盡十方界,在自己光明裡。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 眼皮一枚,是為自己光明;以忽然打綻為在裡(即識性依真如法緣起有大千世界);見由在眼,稱為盡十方。雖然如是,然而,同床眠,知被穿(性相一如)。『盡十方界,無一人不是自己。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 所以,個個作家,個個拳頭,無一十方不是自己。因是自己,故是自自己己,皆是十方。自自己己的十方,是親近掛礙於十方(緣起法相的性相一體,法性隱於法相,故可說是性被相所掛礙)。是自自己己的命脈,共在自己手裡,是還他本分草料。而今為何說達磨眼睛、翟曇鼻孔在露柱胎裡(即性相一如)?可說:是出入(識性恁麼的緣起法),是十方十面一任(即緣起法是一元性的一相)

All the worlds in the ten directions are within the radiance of the self. The eyelid is the radiance of the self. Suddenly to open it is are within. The dependence of seeing on what is in the eye is all the worlds in the ten directions. Nevertheless, though this is the case, you know sleeping with on the same bench, you know dressing in the quilt. In all the worlds in the ten directions there is no one without a self. Therefore, of every maestro, every fist, there is no one of the ten directions that is not the self. Because they are the self, each and every self is the ten directions; the ten directions of each and every self themselves obstruct the ten directions. Because the vital artery of each and every self is in the hand of the self, it is [a case of] return his original lot of feed. Why would Dharmas eye and Gautamas nose now be freshly in the womb of the exposed pillar? Going in and out are left entirely to the ten directions, the ten sides.



玄砂宗一大師云:“盡十方世界是一顆明珠。”(是故)明知一顆明珠是盡十方界也。神頭鬼面是為窟宅,佛祖兒孫是為眼睛,人家男女是為頂顛拳頭,初心晚學是為著衣吃飯,先師是為泥團子,打著兄弟。雖且是單提一著子,然抉出祖宗之眼睛也。抉出時,祖宗共出一隻手,但更只眼睛裡放光也。

玄砂宗一大師說:『盡十方世界是一顆明珠。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 所以是明知一顆明珠是盡十方界。神頭鬼面(三界)是為窟宅,佛祖兒孫(識性的七轉識)是為眼睛,人家男女(有情識)是為頂顛拳頭,初心、晚學是為著衣吃飯(學習佛法的一元性日常行履),先師是為泥團子(落入二元性染污的),打著兄弟。雖且是單提一著子(心一境的法教),然是抉出祖宗的眼睛(證心法一如)。抉出時,是祖宗(諸識)共出一隻手,但更只眼睛(識性所依的佛性)裡放光。

The Great Master Zongyi of Xuansha Cloister said, All the worlds in the ten directions are one bright pearl. Clearly, we know that one bright pearl is all the worlds in the ten directions. Spirits and demons take it as their cave; the progeny of the buddhas and ancestors take it as the eye; the men and women of families take it as a head or a fist; beginners and latecomers take it as wearing robes and eating rice. My former master took it as a ball of mud and hit his disciples with it. Moreover, though we may say this is one move directly presented, he has gouged out the eye of the ancestors. When he gouges, the ancestors each put out a hand. And from their eyes just shines a light.



乾峰和尚因僧問:“十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。未審路頭在什麼處?”乾峰以柱杖畫一畫云:“在這裡。”謂“在這裡”者,即十方也。謂“薄伽梵”者,即拄杖也。謂“拄杖”者,即“在這裡”也。“一路”,十方也。既如是,莫在翟曇之鼻孔裡藏拄杖,莫在拄杖之鼻孔裡藏著拄杖。雖如是,然莫認乾峰老漢已料理“十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。”只道著“在這裡。”“在這裡”,非無,好在乾峰老漢自始未被拄杖瞞。 蓋以參學活鼻孔為十方也!

乾峰和尚因僧問:「十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。未審路頭在什麼處?」乾峰以柱杖畫一畫說:「在這裡。」(《宏智語錄》頌古 第六十一) 所謂『在這裡』,即是十方。所謂『薄伽梵』,即是拄杖(性相一體)。所謂『拄杖』,即是『在這裡』(一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的)。『一路』,是十方。既如是,莫在翟曇的鼻孔裡藏拄杖,莫在拄杖的鼻孔裡撞著拄杖(即不要落入能所二元性的分別)。雖如是,然不要以為乾峰老漢已料理『十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門』(道元是說乾峰老漢只談及『有』的部分)。只說明『在這裡』。『在這裡』,非無(即落入『有』),好在乾峰老漢自始未被拄杖瞞(不落性相的二元性)。 應該要以參學活鼻孔(佛向上的佛性真如法)為十方!

The Venerable Qianfeng was once asked by a monk, The bhagavats in the ten directions are on one road to the gate of nirvāa. I dont understand, where are they on that road? Qianfeng drew a mark with his staff and said, They are here. This they are here is the ten directions; the bhagavats are the staff; the staff is they are here; the one road is the ten directions. Nevertheless, do not hide the staff in the nose of Gautama; do not ram the staff in the nose of the staff. Nevertheless, though this is the case, do not think that old man Qianfeng has managed the bhagavats in the ten directions or the road to the gate of nirvāa: he just says, they are here. It is not that they are here is not the case; and it is fine so long as old man Qianfeng is not from the start deceived by his staff. Overall, we just study the living nose as the ten directions.



參考資料:

(1) 《正法眼藏》  道原 著 , 何燕生 譯註, 宗教文化出版社

(2) Shōbōgenzō http://web.stanford.edu/group/scbs/sztp3/translations/shobogenzo/translations/bussho/intro.html



2014年5月29日 星期四

道元正法眼藏的一元思維(66) 洗淨


《洗淨》  永平道元禪師



有佛祖護持之修證,謂不污染也。南嶽山觀音院大慧禪師因六祖問:“還假修證不?”大慧云:“修證不無,污染即不得。”六祖云:“只是不污染,諸佛之所護念。汝亦如是,吾亦如是,乃至西天祖師亦如是。”

有佛祖(指一元性識心)護持的修證,是謂不污染。南嶽山觀音院大慧禪師因六祖問:「佛道還假借修證否?」大慧說:「修證就有,但污染即不得。」六祖說:「只此不污染,是諸佛所護念。汝亦如是,吾亦如是,乃至西天祖師亦如是。」



《大比丘三千威儀經》云:“淨身者,洗大小便,剪十指爪。”然則,身心雖不污染,然有淨身之法,有淨身之心。不只淨身心,亦淨國土、樹下也。國土雖不曾垢穢,而淨者,是諸佛之所護念也。至佛果尚不退、不廢也。其宗旨難以盡知。作法是宗旨也,得道是作法也。

《大比丘三千威儀經》說:「淨身者,洗大小便,剪十指爪。」然而,身心雖不污染,然有淨身的法,有淨身的心。不只淨身心,亦淨國土、樹下。國土雖不曾垢穢,而淨者,是諸佛之所護念。至佛果尚不退、不廢。其意義難以盡知。作法是宗旨,得道是作法。(這一章道元禪師要再次強調的是:身體是正報的國土,雖也是屬於依報,無所謂的染污不染污,然而『淨』、『不染污』這原則是佛行履的不變規範所以,因所有佛行是修證一如的,也就是心所到之處,都是自己的一部分包括身體、環境人事物。所以佛陀才對尚未證法的比丘說《三千威儀經》,但對一元境的證法者,『淨』、『不染污』是自然而然的行履,這是盡大地是自己、是真實人體的行履。)



《華嚴經》淨行品云:“左右便利,當願眾生,蠲除穢汙,無淫怒癡,已而就水,但願眾生,向無上道,得出世法,以水滌穢。但願眾生,具足淨忍,畢竟無垢。”

《華嚴經》淨行品說:「左右便利,當願眾生,蠲除穢汙,無淫怒癡,已而就水,但願眾生,向無上道,得出世法,以水滌穢。但願眾生,具足淨忍,畢竟無垢。」



水未必非本淨,未必非本不淨;身未必非本淨,未必非本不淨.諸佛亦複復如是。水未必非情,未必非非情;身未必非情,未必非非情。諸佛亦復如是。佛世尊之所說法,其如是也。然則,非將水淨身,依佛法保任佛法,即有此儀,稱之為洗淨。(此)是將佛祖之全身心親身正傳也,將佛祖之全句子親近見聞也,將佛祖之全光明動然住持也。(此則)大凡皆令無量無邊之功德現成也。令身心威儀修行之正當恁麽時,即能具足、圓成久遠之本行。是故,修行之身心即現其本也。

水未必非本淨,未必非本不淨;身未必非本淨,未必非本不淨.諸佛亦復如是。水未必非有情,未必非無情;身未必非有情,未必非無情。諸佛亦復如是。佛世尊的所說法,是其如此。然而,非將水淨身,是依佛法保任佛法,即有此儀,稱為『洗淨』(也就是說,這是一元境的自然行履)。此是將佛祖的全身心親身正傳,將佛祖的全句子親近見聞,將佛祖的全光明動然住持。此則大凡皆令無量無邊的功德現成。令身心威儀修行的正當恁麽時,即能具足、圓成久遠的本行。所以,修行的身心即是現其本行(佛行是一元性的、不落四相的、修證是一如的)



應剪十指之爪。謂十指(之爪)者,即左右兩手之指爪也。足指之爪,同須剪。經云:“爪之長若至一麥許,即得罪也。”是故,不可將爪長蓄。爪長者,自是外道之先蹤也。故更須剪爪。

應剪十指的爪。所謂十指的爪,即是左右兩手的指爪。足指的爪,同須剪。經說:「爪的長若至一麥許,即得罪。」所以,不可將爪長蓄。爪長的,自是外道得先蹤。故更須剪爪。



然則,而今大宋國僧家中,不具參學眼之徒,多蓄長指爪,或一寸兩寸,甚及有三、四寸之長者。此非法也,非佛法之身心。因非佛家之功夫,故如是焉。有道之尊宿則不然。或有蓄長髮之徒,此亦是非法也。雖為大國僧家之所作,然莫錯認其全是正法!先師古佛深誡天下僧家之長髮、長爪之徒曰:“不會淨法,不是俗人,不是僧家,便是畜生。古來佛祖,誰是不淨髮者?如今不會淨髮者,真個是畜生!”

然而,而今大宋國僧家中,不具參學眼的徒輩,多蓄長指爪,或一寸兩寸,甚及有三、四寸的長度。此是非法,非佛法的身心(佛道因緣法是依其『用』而存在,無用的法是非佛法)。因非佛家的功夫,故如是焉。有道的尊宿則不如此。或有蓄長髮的徒輩,此亦是非法。雖為大國僧家的所作,然莫錯認其全是正法!先師古佛深誡天下僧家的長髮、長爪的徒輩說:「不會淨法,不是俗人,不是僧家,便是畜生。古來佛祖,誰是不淨髮的?如今不會淨髮的,真個是畜生!」



如此示眾(之後),年來不剃頭之徒,則多剃頭。或上堂,或普說時,則彈指嚴厲苛責。不知何道理,胡亂蓄長髮、長爪。可憐!南浮之身心置於非道!近來二、三百年,祖師之佛道荒廢,故如此之徒多!如此之徒,為寺院之主人,署師號,作為眾之相,是人天之無福也!而今天下之諸山,有道心者,真個渾無;得道者久絕,只是破落黨!

如此示眾之後,年來不剃頭的徒輩,則多剃頭。或上堂,或普說時,則彈指嚴厲苛責。不知何道理,而胡亂蓄長髮、長爪。可憐!將此世的身心置於非道!近來二、三百年,祖師的佛道荒廢,故如此的徒輩多!如此的徒輩,為寺院的主人,署師號,作為眾的法相,是人天的無福!而今天下的諸山,有道心的,真個渾無;得道者久絕,只是個破落黨!



如是普說,諸方亂稱長老名者,則不恨,無有(異議)陳說。可知長髮者,佛祖之所誡禁也;長爪者,外道之所行也。佛祖之兒孫,不可好此等之非法。須淨身心,須剪爪剃髮!莫怠慢洗大小便。舍利弗曾將此法令外道降伏。其非外道之本期,亦非身子之素懷,然佛祖威儀之所現成,則邪法自伏也。

如是普說,諸方亂稱長老名的,則不恨,無有異議陳說。可知長髮,是佛祖的所誡禁;長爪,是外道的所行。佛祖的兒孫,不可好此等的非法。須淨身心,須剪爪剃髮!莫怠慢洗大小便。舍利弗曾將此法令外道降伏。其非外道的本期,亦非秋子的素懷,然佛祖威儀的所現成,則邪法自伏。(《根本說一切有部毗奈耶雜事》第十六)



樹下露地修習時,無起屋,依便利,用溪谷河水等,分土洗淨。此無灰,只用二七丸之土。用二七丸法者,即先脫法衣,疊放後,取不黑之黃色土,一丸分成大豆許大,放在石頭上或便利處,以七丸為一列放置,並列成二對七丸。爾後,可用磨石之石。其後,即屙。屙後,使籌,或使紙。其後,到水邊洗淨,則先攜三丸土洗淨。將一丸土取於掌中,放入少許水,與水合解,淡於泥,作成漿,先洗小便,次將一丸土,如前淨洗大便,再次將一丸土如前,略洗觸汙之手。

樹下露地修習時,無起屋,依便利,用溪谷河水等,分土洗淨。此無灰,只用二七丸土。用二七丸的方法,即是先脫法衣,疊放後,取不黑的黃色土,一丸分成大豆許大,放在石頭上或便利處,以七丸為一列放置,並列成二對七丸。爾後,可用磨石的石。其後,即屙。屙後,使籌,或使紙。其後,到水邊洗淨,則先攜三丸土洗淨。將一丸土取於掌中,放入少許水,與水合解,淡於泥,作成漿,先洗小便,次將一丸土,如前淨洗大便,再次將一丸土如前,略洗觸污的手。



居寺舍以來,立起其屋,稱之東司,古謂圊,有時亦謂廁。僧家之住所,必有其屋舍。到東司之法者,(謂)必持手巾。其用法者,即將手巾折成雙重,搭在左肘袖上。已到東司,則將毛巾掛在淨竿上。掛法如掛肘。若著九條七條等袈裟而來,則應疊毛巾掛之,並好使其不可掉下。莫倉猝拋掛。善能記號。謂記號者,即在淨竿上掛字也。(或)書於白紙,圓如月輪,掛列於淨竿。如是,則不忘自己之直裰在何字,不混亂,是謂記號。眾家多來,則不可混亂自他之竿位。

居寺舍以來,立起其屋,稱為東司,古稱圊,有時亦稱廁。僧家的住所,必有其屋舍。到東司的法教,是必持手巾。其用法,即是將手巾折成雙重,搭在左肘袖上。已到東司,則將毛巾掛在淨竿上。掛法如掛肘。若著九條七條等袈裟而來,則應疊毛巾掛之,並好使其不可掉下。莫倉猝拋掛。善能記號。所謂記號,即是在淨竿上掛字。或書於白紙,圓如月輪,掛列於淨竿。如是,則不忘自己的直裰在何字,不混亂,即是記號。眾家多來,則不可混亂自他的竿位。



此間,若眾家來而列立,則應叉手作揖。作揖時,未必相互迎面曲躬,只叉手,當於胸前,以表作揖。在東司,即便不著直裰,亦與眾家作揖,以表禮節。若兩手尚未觸手,或皆不得拿物時,則應叉手作揖。若已使一手觸,以手提物時,可一手作揖。一手作揖時,即仰手,指頭稍躬曲,如同掬水,頭徹底而作揖也。他人若如是,則自己亦應如是;自己若如是,則他人亦當如是。

此間,若眾家來而列立,則應叉手作揖。作揖時,未必相互迎面曲躬,只叉手,當於胸前,以表作揖。在東司,即便不著直裰,亦與眾家作揖,以表禮節。若兩手尚未觸手,或皆不得拿物時,則應叉手作揖。若已使一手觸,以手提物時,可一手作揖。一手作揖時,即仰手,指頭稍躬曲,如同掬水,頭徹底而作揖。他人若如是,則自己亦應如是;自己若如是,則他人亦當如是。



脫褊衫及直裰,掛在手巾之旁。其方法者,即脫下直裰,兩袖以後齊,取兩脅之下,往上舉,則兩袖相並。是時,左手取直裰之領裡,右手舉起脅部,兩袖和左後兩襟則重合也。將兩袖和兩襟重合,直立,從裡折,將直裰領搭載淨竿那邊,直裰之裙及袖口等,則搭在竿之這邊。即直裰之腰部掛在淨竿上。次將搭在淨竿上之手巾之彼此兩端交叉纏結,越過直裰一方,在未纏手巾一側,復交叉纏結。如此兩、三次纏結,使直裰不從淨竿上落地。或向直裰合掌。

脫褊衫及直裰,掛在手巾之旁。其方法,即是脫下直裰,兩袖以後齊,取兩脅下,往上舉,則兩袖相並。是時,左手取直裰的領裡,右手舉起脅部,兩袖和左後兩襟則重合。將兩袖和兩襟重合,直立,從裡折,將直裰領搭載淨竿那邊,直裰的裙及袖口等,則搭在竿的這邊。即直裰的腰部掛在淨竿上。次將搭在淨竿上的手巾的彼此兩端交叉纏結,越過直裰一方,在未纏手巾一側,復交叉纏結。如此兩、三次纏結,使直裰不從淨竿上落地。或向直裰合掌。



次取絆子搭兩臂,遂到淨架,于淨桶盛水,右手提之而上淨廁。向淨桶盛水之法者,莫滿十分,以九分為度。須於廁門前換鞋。穿蒲鞋,將自鞋脫於廁門前,是謂換鞋。

次取絆子搭兩臂,遂到淨架,於淨桶盛水,右手提之而上淨廁。向淨桶盛水的方法,莫滿十分,以九分為度。須於廁門前換鞋。穿蒲鞋,將自鞋脫於廁門前,是謂換鞋。



《禪苑清規》云:“欲上東司,應須預往,勿至臨時內逼倉猝。乃疊袈裟,安寮中案上,或淨竿上。”到廁內,用左手掩門扇,次將淨桶水泄少許於槽裡。再次,將淨桶安放在正面之淨桶位置。復次,須立姿向槽彈指三下。彈指時,左手握拳,貼在左腰上。次將絝口、衣角捏住,面向門,兩腳踏在槽唇之兩邊,蹲居而屙。莫污垢兩邊,勿污垢前後。其間,須默然。莫與隔壁語笑,莫舉聲吟詠,莫涕唾狼藉,莫怒氣卒暴。不得在壁面書字。莫將廁籌畫地面。

《禪苑清規》說:「欲上東司,應須預往,勿至臨時內逼倉猝。乃疊袈裟,安寮中案上,或淨竿上。」到廁內,用左手掩門扇,次將淨桶水泄少許於槽裡。再次,將淨桶安放在正面的淨桶位置。復次,須立姿向槽彈指三下。彈指時,左手握拳,貼在左腰上。次將絝口、衣角捏住,面向門,兩腳踏在槽唇的兩邊,蹲居而屙。莫污垢兩邊,勿污垢前後。其間,須默然。莫與隔壁語笑,莫舉聲吟詠,莫涕唾狼藉,莫怒氣卒暴。不得在壁面書字。莫將廁籌畫地面。



屙屎退後,須使籌。又,有用紙質法。莫用故紙。寫有字紙,則不可用。須區別淨籌、觸籌。籌者,作成長八寸,為三角狀,大為手拇指大。有用漆塗者,有未用漆塗者。觸籌則放置籌鬥,淨籌自在籌袈。籌袈放在槽前之板頭邊。使籌、使紙後,洗淨之法者,用右手持淨桶,左手善打濕,左手作掬狀接水,先洗小便,三次。次洗大便。洗淨須如法,使其淨潔。其間,莫粗亂使淨桶傾斜,將水散滿在手外,使水早完。

屙屎退後,須使籌。又,有用紙質法。莫用故紙。寫有字紙,則不可用。須區別淨籌、觸(用過的)籌。『籌』,是作成長八寸,為三角狀,大為手拇指大。有用漆塗的,有未用漆塗的。觸籌則放置籌鬥,淨籌自在籌袈。籌袈放在槽前之板頭邊。使籌、使紙後,洗淨的方法,是用右手持淨桶,左手善打濕,左手作掬狀接水,先洗小便,三次。次洗大便。洗淨須如法,使其淨潔。其間,莫粗亂使淨桶傾斜,將水散滿在手外,使水早完。



洗淨畢,將淨桶放在安桶處,次須取籌拭幹,或用紙。大小兩處,須善能拭幹。次用右手調整絝口、衣角。右手提淨桶,出廁門時,脫蒲鞋,穿自鞋。次返淨架,安淨桶於本所。次須洗手。右手拿灰匙,先搓,放置瓦石面上,然後將右手點滴水,洗觸手。當瓦石搓洗也。比如當砥石磨洗繡刀。須如是用灰洗三次。次須放土、點水洗三次。次右手拿皂莢,浸小桶之水,兩手相並,邊揉邊洗,乃至手腕。善能洗淨。須住于誠心,殷勤洗淨。灰三、土三、皂莢一也。合以十七度為度。次用大桶洗。是時,不用面藥、土灰等,只用水、用溫水洗。經一番洗淨後,將其水移到小桶,再加入淨水,洗兩手。

洗淨畢,將淨桶放在安桶處,次須取籌拭幹,或用紙。大小兩處,須善能拭幹。次用右手調整絝口、衣角。右手提淨桶,出廁門時,脫蒲鞋,穿自鞋。次返淨架,安淨桶於本所。次須洗手。右手拿灰匙,先搓,放置瓦石面上,然後將右手點滴水,洗觸手。當著瓦石搓洗。就比如當著砥石磨洗繡刀。須如是用灰洗三次。次須放土、點水洗三次。次右手拿皂莢,浸小桶的水,兩手相並,邊揉邊洗,乃至手腕。善能洗淨。須住於誠心,殷勤洗淨。依次灰三、土三、皂莢一。合以十七度為度。次用大桶洗。是時,不用面藥、土灰等,只用水、用溫水洗。經一番洗淨後,將其水移到小桶,再加入淨水,洗兩手。



《華嚴經》云:“以水盥掌,當願眾生,得上妙手,受持佛法。”拿水杓,必用右手拿。其間,莫使桶杓作響,起噪音。莫使水灑地,使皂莢,灑地,將水袈邊打濕。大凡莫倉猝,勿狼藉。次用公界之手巾拭手,或用自己之手巾。拭洗畢,到淨幹下之直裰前,脫下絆子,掛在幹上,次合掌,之後取手巾,取直裰著。次將手巾搭在左臂,塗香。有公界之塗香,作香水為寶瓶形。其大者,拇指大也。長四指量。用尺餘之纖索,貫穿香之兩端。將此掛放在淨幹上。兩手合揉之,則其香氣自熏於兩手。掛絆子于幹時,重疊掛在相同之絆子上,莫使絆與絆混雜、屢亂。如是為之,皆是盡佛國土也,莊嚴佛國土也。須仔細,不可倉猝!切勿念早完而可回(寮)。可竊思量“東司上不說佛法”之道理。

《華嚴經》淨行品說:「以水盥掌,當願眾生,得上妙手,受持佛法。」拿水杓,必用右手拿。其間,莫使桶杓作響,起噪音。莫使水灑地,使皂莢,灑地,將水袈邊打濕。大凡莫倉猝,勿狼藉。次用公界的手巾拭手,或用自己的手巾。拭洗畢,到淨幹下的直裰前,脫下絆子,掛在幹上,次合掌,之後取手巾,取直裰著。次將手巾搭在左臂,塗香。有公界的塗香,作香水為寶瓶形。其大的,是拇指大。長四指量。用尺餘的纖索,貫穿香的兩端。將此掛放在淨幹上。兩手合揉,則其香氣自熏於兩手。掛絆子於幹時,重疊掛在相同的絆子上,莫使絆與絆混雜、屢亂。如是為之,皆是盡佛國土,莊嚴佛國土。須仔細,不可倉猝!切勿念早完而可回寮。可竊思量『東司上不說佛法』的道理(《趙州錄》卷下)



眾家出入,莫頻瞄其面。曰:廁中洗淨,以冷水為宜,熱湯則引生腸風。洗手用溫湯無妨。置釜一隻者,為燒湯洗手也。《清規》云:“晚後燒湯上油,常令湯水相續,無使大眾動念。”是故,湯、水共用也。若廁中有觸,則須掩門,書觸牌。若錯將桶落地,則須掩門扇,書落桶牌。勿上書有此等牌之坑位。若先上廁上,若有人在外彈指,則當暫出。

眾家出入,莫頻瞄其面。說:廁中洗淨,以冷水為宜,熱湯則引生腸風。洗手用溫湯無妨。置釜一隻,是為燒湯洗手。《禪苑清規》說:「晚後燒湯上油,常令湯水相續,無使大眾動念。」所以,是湯、水共用。若廁中有觸(用過的),則須掩門,書觸牌。若錯將桶落地,則須掩門扇,書落桶牌。勿用書有此等牌的坑位。若先上廁上,若有人在外彈指,則當暫出。



《清規》云:“若不洗淨,不得坐僧床及禮拜三寶,亦不得受人禮拜。”《三千威儀經》云:“若不洗大小便,得突吉羅罪。亦不得僧淨坐具上座,及禮三寶。設禮無福德。”

《禪苑清規》說:「若不洗淨,不得坐僧床及禮拜三寶,亦不得受人禮拜。」《三千威儀經》說:「若不洗大小便,得突吉羅罪。亦不得僧淨坐具上座,及禮三寶。設禮無福德。」



是故,功夫辦道之道場,須以此(威)儀為先。豈不禮三寶乎?豈不受人之禮拜乎?豈不禮人乎?佛祖之道場,必有此威儀。佛祖道場中人,必具足此威儀。此非自己之強為,威儀之云為也,諸佛之常儀也,諸祖之家常也。非只此界之諸佛,亦是十方之佛儀也,淨土、穢土之佛儀也。小聞之徒謂:諸佛無廁屋之威儀。裟婆世界諸佛之威儀者,不如淨土之諸佛。此非學佛道也。當知淨穢者,離人之滴血,有時暖,有時寒。(是故),當知諸佛有廁屋。

所以,功夫辦道的道場,須以此威儀為先。豈不禮三寶嗎?豈不受人的禮拜嗎?豈不禮人嗎?佛祖的道場,必有此威儀。佛祖道場中人,必具足此威儀。此非自己的強為,是威儀的作為,諸佛的常儀,諸祖的家常。非只此界的諸佛,亦是十方的佛儀,淨土、穢土的佛儀。小聞的徒輩說:諸佛無廁屋的威儀。裟婆世界諸佛的威儀,是不如淨土的諸佛。此非學佛道。當知淨穢,是離人的滴血,有時暖,有時寒。所以,當知諸佛有廁屋。



《十頌律》第十四云:“羅睺羅沙彌,宿佛廁,佛覺了,佛以右手摩羅睺羅頂,說是偈言:‘汝不為貧窮,亦不失富貴。但為求道故,出家應忍苦。’”是故,佛道場有廁屋;佛廁屋之威儀者,即洗淨也。是祖祖相傳而來也。佛儀尚存,是慕古之慶快也,難逢能逢也!況幸得如來在廁屋裡為羅睺羅說法。廁屋者,佛轉法輪之一會也。此道場之進止,是佛祖之正傳也。

《十頌律》第十四說:「羅睺羅沙彌,宿佛廁,佛覺了,佛以右手摩羅睺羅頂,說是偈言:『汝不為貧窮,亦不失富貴。但為求道故,出家應忍苦。』」所以,佛道場有廁屋;佛廁屋的威儀,即是洗淨。是祖祖相傳而來。佛儀尚存,是慕古的慶快,難逢能逢!況幸得如來在廁屋裡為羅睺羅說法。廁屋,是佛轉法輪的一會場。此道場的進止,是佛祖的正傳。



《摩訶僧祗律》第三十四云:“廁屋不得在東在北,應在南在西。小行亦如是。”依此方位當宜。是西天竺國之諸精舍圖也,如來在世時建立也。當知非一佛之儀,亦是七佛之道場也,精舍也;諸佛之道場也,精舍也。非(釋迦時)始有,諸佛之威儀也。不明此等而先草創寺院,修行佛法者,則多錯誤,不備佛威儀,佛菩提不曾現前。若建立道場,草創寺院,則須依佛祖正傳之法儀。是正嫡正傳故,其功德積聚也。若非佛祖正傳之嫡嗣,則不知佛法之身心;若不知佛法之身心,則不明佛家之佛業也。而今謂大師釋迦牟尼佛之佛法遍傳十方者,即佛身心之現成也。佛身心現成之正當恁麽時,其如是也。

《摩訶僧祗律》第三十四說:「廁屋不得在東在北,應在南在西。小行亦如是。」依此方位當宜。是西天竺國的諸精舍圖,是如來在世時建立。當知非一佛的行儀,亦是七佛的道場,精舍;諸佛的道場,精舍。非釋迦時始有,諸佛的威儀。不明此等而先草創寺院,修行佛法的,則多錯誤,不備佛威儀,佛菩提不曾現前。若建立道場,草創寺院,則須依佛祖正傳的法儀。是正嫡正傳故,則其功德積聚。若非佛祖正傳的嫡嗣,則不知佛法的身心;若不知佛法的身心,則不明佛家的佛業。而今說大師釋迦牟尼佛的佛法遍傳十方,即是佛身心的現成。佛身心現成的正當恁麽時,其是如此。





參考資料:

《正法眼藏》道元著,何燕生譯註,宗教文化出版社,200311月。書號:ISBN 7-80123-557-6/B*178