《十方The Ten Directions》 永平道元禪師 (英譯)
拳頭一只,只個十方;赤心一片,玲瓏十方,敲出骨裡髓了也。釋迦牟尼佛告大眾言:“十方佛土中,唯有一乘法。”謂十方者,把來佛土作是。是故,若不拈來佛土,則不有十方也。是為佛土故,以佛為主也。此裟婆國土,如釋迦牟尼佛土。舉拈此裟婆世界,明記八兩半斤;須參學十方佛土之為七尺八尺。
拳頭一只,有個十方;赤心一片,是玲瓏十方,是敲出骨裡髓了(指識心緣起法的一元性)。釋迦牟尼佛告訴大眾說:「十方佛土中,唯有一乘法。」(《法華經》方便品) 所謂『十方』,把來佛土(即佛性恁麼而有識性,識性依真如法緣起大千世界)作是。所以,若不拈來佛土,則不有十方。因是為佛土,以佛(即佛性恁麼的一元識性)為主。此裟婆國土,如釋迦牟尼佛土。舉拈此裟婆世界,明記八兩半斤;須參學十方佛土是為七尺八尺。(這是說一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的,即佛有、佛時,即是十方佛土(盡界是佛界)。但每一依真如法位而有的佛界有其尺量,如裟婆世界是八兩半斤。道元是說,緣起法是有差別,但不要落入思量分別。)
A single fist is just the ten directions; a
single bare mind is the ten directions crystal clear. The marrow is beat from
the bones. The Buddha Śākyamuni addressed the great assembly
saying, “In the buddha lands of the ten directions, there is only
the dharma of the one vehicle.” These “ten
directions” have been formed by grasping “the
buddha lands.” Therefore, if we did not take up “the
buddha lands,” there would be no “ten directions.” Since
they are “Buddha lands,” a buddha is their ruler, as this Sahā world is the buddha land of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Holding
up this Sahā world and noting clearly “eight tael and a half catty,” we
should study that the buddha lands of the ten directions are seven feet or
eight feet.
此十方者,入一方,入一佛,故現十方。十方(是)一方,是方自方,今方故,是眼睛方也,拳頭方也,露柱方也,燈籠方也。如是十方、佛土十方,不有大小,非淨穢。是故,十方唯佛與佛,相稱揚讚歎也。更不互誹謗,以說其長短好惡為轉法輪,不為說法。諸佛及佛子,助發問訊。
此十方,是入一方,入一佛,故現十方。十方是一方,是方自方,是今方,是眼睛方,拳頭方,露柱方,燈籠方。如是十方、佛土十方,不有大小,非淨穢。(這仍是強調一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的) 所以,十方唯佛與佛,相稱揚讚歎。更不互誹謗,以說其長短好惡為轉法輪(即識性依真如法位而有差別相,但不應落入四相分別),不為說法。諸佛及佛子,助發問訊。(道元禪師是說八識轉變的諸識即是諸佛,三界是唯佛與佛。識轉變間一元性的運作緣起法相,是不為說法的轉法輪,是互為所依所緣的,是不互誹謗的。當然道元禪師不知道有所謂的『精神分裂症(思覺失調症)』。)
These ten directions enter one direction,
enter one buddha. Therefore, they have manifested the ten directions. Because
the ten directions are one direction, this direction, one’s own direction,
the present direction, they are the direction of the eye, the direction of the
fist, the direction of the exposed column, the direction of the lantern. The
buddhas of the ten directions of such “buddha lands in the ten directions” are
not large or small, are not pure or dirty. Therefore, “only a
buddha and a buddha” in the ten directions praise and admire each other. They
do not take condeming each other, talking of their strengths and weaknesses,
likes and dislikes, as turning the wheel of dharma and preaching the dharma. As
buddhas and buddhas’ children, they assist and inquire [of
each other].
稟受佛祖之法,則如此參學也。非如外道魔黨,是非毀譽。而今批閱傳于真丹國之佛經,覲見一代教化之始末,釋迦牟尼佛未曾說他方諸佛其為劣,未曾說他方諸佛為其勝,亦未曾說他方諸佛非諸佛。大凡於一代之說教中,全不見諸佛相互是非(誹謗)之佛語也,不見傳他方諸佛是非(譭謗)釋迦牟尼佛之佛語。
稟受佛祖的法,則如此參學。非如外道魔黨,是、非、毀、譽(即落入二元性的分別思量)。而今批閱傳於真丹國的佛經,覲見一代教化的始末,釋迦牟尼佛未曾說他方諸佛其為劣,未曾說他方諸佛為其勝,亦未曾說他方諸佛非諸佛。大凡於一代的說教中,全不見諸佛相互誹謗的佛語,不見傳他方諸佛譭謗釋迦牟尼佛的佛語。
In receiving the dharma of the buddhas and
ancestors, one studies in this way. One does not slander and insult over rights
and wrongs like the alien ways and minions of Māra. When we peruse
the scriptures of the Buddha transmitted to the country of Cīnasthāna and look at the entirety of his ministry, the Buddha Śākyamuni never preached that the buddhas of other directions are inferior,
or preached that the buddhas of other directions are superior; nor did he preach
that the buddhas of other directions are not buddhas. In general, what one does
not see in all the teachings of his entire life is a word of the Buddha judging
other buddhas; nor has there been transmitted any word of a buddha in which the
buddhas of the other directions judge the Buddha Śākyamuni.
是故,釋迦牟尼佛告大眾言:“唯我知是相,十方佛亦然。”當知“唯我知是相”之相者,即打圓相也。圓相者,“這竿得恁麽長,那竿得恁麽短”也。十方佛所道者,即說著“唯我知是相,釋迦牟尼佛亦然”也,“唯我證是相,自方佛亦然”也。即我相、知相、是相、一切相、十方相、裟婆國土相、釋迦牟尼佛相也。
所以,釋迦牟尼佛告訴大眾說:「唯我知是相,十方佛亦然。」(《法華經》方便品) 當知『唯我知是相』的相,即是打圓相。『圓相』,就是『這竿得恁麽長,那竿得恁麽短』(即一元性緣起法相的有差別而無分別,是『高處高平,低處低平』的平等相)。十方佛所說的,即說著『唯我知是相,釋迦牟尼佛亦然』,『唯我證是相,十方佛亦然』。即我相、知相、是相、一切相、十方相、裟婆國土相、釋迦牟尼佛相。
Therefore, the Buddha Śākyamuni addressed the great assembly saying, “I
alone know their marks / And the buddhas in the ten directions are also like
this.” We should know that the “mark” in “I
alone know their marks” is “making a circular mark.” The circular mark is “this bamboo is this long; that bamboo is
that short.” In the words of the buddhas in the ten directions, they
say, “I alone know their marks, and the Buddha Śākyamuni is also
like this.” “I alone verify their marks, and the buddha of one’s own
direction is also like this.” They are the mark of “I,” the
mark of “know,” the mark of “their,” the mark of “all,” the mark of “the ten directions,” the
mark of “the land of Sahā,” the
mark “the Buddha Śākyamuni.”
此宗旨者,即是佛經也。諸佛並國土者,非兩頭;非有情,非無情;非迷悟,非善惡無記等;非淨非穢,非成非住,非壞非空,非常非無常,非有,非無,非自。離四句也,絕百非也。但是十方也,但是佛土也。是故,十方者,只是有頭無尾漢也!
此意義,即是佛經。諸佛並國土,是非(性相)兩頭;非有情,非無情;非迷悟,非善惡無記等;非淨非穢,非成非住,非壞非空,非常非無常,非有,非無,非自。是離四句,絕百非(不落入語言文字)。但是十方,但是佛土。所以,十方,只是有頭無尾漢!(即諸佛並國土是佛性識的依真如法緣起,有緣起『有』必有『十方』,也就是有緣起法就不會無『十方』,一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的。)
This point is the scripture of the buddha.
The buddhas and the lands of the buddhas are not two; they are not sentient or
insentient; not deluded or awakened; not good, bad, or neutral; not pure, not
dirty; not formation, not continuation, not destruction, not emptiness; not
permanent, not impermanent; not existent, not nonexistent; not themselves. They
are free from the four propositions; they have cut off the hundred negations.
They are just the ten directions; they are just the buddha lands. Hence, the ten
directions are just “a fellow with a head and without a tail.”
長沙景岑禪師告大眾言:“盡十方界,是沙門一只眼。”今所言者,翟曇沙門眼者,即吾有正法眼藏(之眼)也;咐囑阿誰,亦是翟曇沙門眼也。盡十方界之角角尖尖,是翟曇之眼處也。此盡十方界者,是沙門眼中之一只也;由此向上,則有許多眼也。
長沙景岑禪師告訴大眾說:「盡十方界,是沙門一只眼。」(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 今所說的,翟曇沙門眼(佛一元識性),即是吾有正法眼藏的眼;咐囑阿誰,亦是翟曇沙門眼。盡十方界的角角尖尖(緣起萬法),是翟曇的眼處(性相一如的公案現成)。此盡十方界,是沙門眼中的一只;由此向上,則有許多眼(即識性是佛性的恁麼而有,於向上處就是佛性真如的恁麼而起的三界識性)。
The Chan Master Changsha Jingcen addressed
the great assembly saying, “All the worlds in the ten directions are a
single eye of the śramaṇa.” What is referred to here is one of the
eyes of the śramaṇa Gautama. The eye of the śramaṇa Gautama is “I have the treasury of the eye of the true
dharma.” No matter to whom it is transmitted, it is the eye of
the śramaṇa Gautama. Each “horn” and each “point” of all the worlds in the ten directions is
the eye of Gautama. “All the worlds in the ten directions” here
is one among the eyes of the śramaṇa. Beyond this, he has so many eyes.
“盡十方界,是沙門家常語。”家常者,尋常也。日本國俗語,則謂世常。然則,沙門家常之言語者,是盡十方界也,言端語端也。家常語以是盡十方界故,明須參學盡十方界是家常語之道理。此十方無盡故,即盡十方也。家常中,即用此語也。如彼索馬索鹽,索水索器;如奉水奉器,奉鹽奉馬。誰知沒量大人于此語脈裡轉身轉腦!於語脈裡轉語也。海口山舌,言端語直之家常也。是故,掩口掩耳,十方真個是也。
『盡十方界(即無分別的一元性緣起法界),是沙門家常語。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 家常,即是尋常。日本國俗語,則是說世常。然而,沙門家常的言語,是盡十方界,言端語端。家常語因是盡十方界,明須參學盡十方界是家常語的道理。因此十方無盡,即是盡十方。家常中,即是用此語。如彼索馬索鹽,索水索器;如此奉水奉器,奉鹽奉馬(即不落入思量分別的日常行履,即是一元性佛行,即『平常心是道』)。誰知沒量大人(指超越數量分別的禪心,即自心佛,《惟則語錄》卷九)於此語脈裡轉身轉腦!是於語脈裡轉語(指緣起法的公案現成)。海口山舌(無情法的現成公案),是言端語直(依真如法緣起)的家常。所以,掩口掩耳,真個是十方佛(即公案現成的法,是因相顯性)。
All the worlds in the ten directions are
the everyday words of the śramaṇa. The “everyday” is the ordinary; in the vernacular idiom
of the land of Japan, we say “the common.” Thus, the common language in the house of
the śramaṇa is all the worlds in the ten directions. “The
speech is straightforward; the words are straightforward.” Because
the everyday words are all the worlds in the ten directions, we should clearly
study the principle that all the worlds in the ten directions are everyday
words. Because these “ten directions” are inexhaustible, they exhaust the ten
directions. We use these words in everyday [speech]. They are like that “requesting
a horse, requesting salt, requesting water, and requesting a bowl”; like
“offering water, offering a bowl, offering salt, and offering a horse.” Who
knows how“ the immeasurably great person” (means: buddha of self) turns
his body and turns his brain within this flow of words? He turns the words
within the flow of words. The mouth of the ocean and the tongue of the mountain
— these are the “everyday” [language] of “speech
straightforward and words direct.” Therefore, “covering
the mouth” and “covering the ears” are
what the ten directions truly are.
“盡十方界,沙門全身。”一手指天是天,一手指地是地。雖然如是,天上天下,唯我獨尊。是沙門全身之為盡十方界也。頂顛、眼睛、鼻孔,皮肉骨髓之個個,皆是透脫盡十方之沙門身也。不動著盡十方亦如是也。不待擬議計量,拈來盡十方界為沙門身,見盡十方界為沙門身。
『盡十方界,是沙門全身(一元佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的)。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十)
一手指天是天,一手指地是地。雖然如是,天上天下,唯我獨尊。是沙門全身的盡十方界。頂顛、眼睛、鼻孔,皮肉骨髓的個個,皆是透脫盡十方的沙門身(緣起萬法的差別相,即是『真實人體』身相的種種)。不動著(即真如法性)盡十方亦如是(即性相是一如)。不待擬議計量(不落分別),拈來盡十方界為沙門身,見盡十方界為沙門身。
All the worlds in the ten directions are
the entire body of the śramaṇa. “One hand pointing to the heavens” is
heaven; “one hand pointing to the earth” is
the earth. Although they are such, “in the heavens above and beneath the
heavens, I alone am honored.” This is all the worlds of the ten
directions as “the entire body of the śramaṇa.” The head, eye, nose, skin and flesh, bones
and marrow — each is the body of the śramaṇa that passes
through and beyond all the ten directions. It is like this without moving all
the ten directions; it does not depend on considering and thinking. In taking
up the body of the śramaṇa of all worlds in the ten directions, ones see the body of
the śramaṇa of all worlds in the ten directions.
“盡十方界,是自己光明。”謂自己者,父母未生以前之鼻孔也。誤謂鼻孔在自己手裡為盡十方界。然則,自己現成,則公案現成也,開殿見佛也。然眼睛被別人換卻木槵子了也。然則,劈面來,可得大家相見。更呼則易,遣則難,而喚得回頭,自回頭,堪作何用?飯待吃人,衣待著人。雖如摸索不著,可惜許,曾與你三十棒。
『盡十方界,是自己光明(佛性恁麼的識性功德用)。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十)
所謂自己(佛性恁麼的識性),是父母未生以前的鼻孔。誤說鼻孔在自己手裡為盡十方界(即是說:識心仍是佛性的功德法相,所以三界識心是迷於己界的一元性中)。然而,自己現成(性相一如),則是公案現成,是開殿見佛。然是眼睛被別人換卻木槵子了(識心仍是佛性恁麼而有公德的)。然而,劈面來,可得大家相見(即識心雖是佛性功德法相,但所緣真如法的法相仍是性相一如的)。自己光明的法性更呼則易,遣則難,而修證時是喚得回頭,自回頭,堪作何用?飯待吃人,衣待著人(即『吃飯』、『著衣』法中,有自性光明)。雖如摸索不著,可惜許,曾與你三十棒(禪家用語,褒貶之意,但此是指日常行履,都是這自性光明『人』的棒棒)。
All the worlds in the ten directions are
the radiance of the self. “The self” means the nose “before
your father and mother were born.” The nose inadvertantly in the hand of the
self is called “all the ten directions.” Still, when the self is realized, it is “the
realized kōan”; it is “opening the hall and seeing the buddha.”
Nevertheless, “the eye has been switched by another for a soapberry
seed.” Nevertheless, coming at it head on, one should be able to encounter the
great ones. Furthermore, though we say “summoning him is easy; sending him off is
hard, having been called, he turns his head. What is the use” of
his turning his head? Make “this fellow” turn his head. When the food waits for the
person to eat it, and the clothes wait for the person to wear them, though we
seem to be “groping for it without touching it,” how
sad that I have already given you the thirty blows.
“盡十方界,在自己光明裡。”眼皮一枚,是為自己光明;以忽然打綻為在裡;見由在眼,謂之盡十方。雖然如是,然則,同床眠,知被穿。“盡十方界,無一人不是自己。”是故,個個作家,個個拳頭,無一十方不是自己。以是自己故,自自己己,皆是十方也。自自己己之十方,親近掛礙於十方也。自自己己之命脈,共在自己手裡故,還他本分草料也。而今為何(言)達磨眼睛、翟曇鼻孔在露柱胎裡?曰:出入也,十方十面一任也。
『盡十方界,在自己光明裡。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 眼皮一枚,是為自己光明;以忽然打綻為在裡(即識性依真如法緣起有大千世界);見由在眼,稱為盡十方。雖然如是,然而,同床眠,知被穿(性相一如)。『盡十方界,無一人不是自己。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 所以,個個作家,個個拳頭,無一十方不是自己。因是自己,故是自自己己,皆是十方。自自己己的十方,是親近掛礙於十方(即緣起法相的性相一體,法性隱於法相,故可說是性被相所掛礙)。是自自己己的命脈,共在自己手裡,是還他本分草料。而今為何說達磨眼睛、翟曇鼻孔在露柱胎裡(即性相一如)?可說:是出入(識性恁麼的緣起法),是十方十面一任(即緣起法是一元性的一相)。
All the worlds in the ten directions are
within the radiance of the self. The eyelid is “the radiance of the self.”
Suddenly to open it is “are within.” The dependence of seeing on what is in the
eye is “all the worlds in the ten directions.”
Nevertheless, though this is the case, “you know sleeping
with on the same bench, you know dressing in the quilt.” In all the worlds in the ten directions there is no one without a self. Therefore,
of every “maestro,” every “fist,” there is no one of the ten directions that
is not the self. Because they are the self, each and every self is the ten
directions; the ten directions of each and every self themselves obstruct the
ten directions. Because the vital artery of each and every self is in the hand
of the self, it is [a case of] “return his original lot of feed.” Why
would Dharma’s eye and Gautama’s nose now be freshly in the womb of the
exposed pillar? Going in and out are left entirely to the ten directions, the
ten sides.
玄砂宗一大師云:“盡十方世界是一顆明珠。”(是故)明知一顆明珠是盡十方界也。神頭鬼面是為窟宅,佛祖兒孫是為眼睛,人家男女是為頂顛拳頭,初心晚學是為著衣吃飯,先師是為泥團子,打著兄弟。雖且是單提一著子,然抉出祖宗之眼睛也。抉出時,祖宗共出一隻手,但更只眼睛裡放光也。
玄砂宗一大師說:『盡十方世界是一顆明珠。』(《景德傳燈錄》卷十) 所以是明知一顆明珠是盡十方界。神頭鬼面(三界)是為窟宅,佛祖兒孫(識性的七轉識)是為眼睛,人家男女(有情識)是為頂顛拳頭,初心、晚學是為著衣吃飯(學習佛法的一元性日常行履),先師是為泥團子(落入二元性染污的),打著兄弟。雖且是單提一著子(心一境的法教),然是抉出祖宗的眼睛(證心法一如)。抉出時,是祖宗(諸識)共出一隻手,但更只眼睛(識性所依的佛性)裡放光。
The Great Master Zongyi of Xuansha Cloister
said, “All the worlds in the ten directions are one bright pearl.” Clearly, we know that “one bright pearl” is
all the worlds in the ten directions. Spirits and demons take it as their cave;
the progeny of the buddhas and ancestors take it as the eye; the men and women
of families take it as a head or a fist; beginners and latecomers take it as
wearing robes and eating rice. My former master took it as a ball of mud and
hit his disciples with it. Moreover, though we may say this is “one
move directly presented,” he has gouged out the eye of the
ancestors. When he gouges, the ancestors “each put out a hand.” And
from their eyes just shines a light.
乾峰和尚因僧問:“十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。未審路頭在什麼處?”乾峰以柱杖畫一畫云:“在這裡。”謂“在這裡”者,即十方也。謂“薄伽梵”者,即拄杖也。謂“拄杖”者,即“在這裡”也。“一路”,十方也。既如是,莫在翟曇之鼻孔裡藏拄杖,莫在拄杖之鼻孔裡藏著拄杖。雖如是,然莫認乾峰老漢已料理“十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。”只道著“在這裡。”“在這裡”,非無,好在乾峰老漢自始未被拄杖瞞。
蓋以參學活鼻孔為十方也!
乾峰和尚因僧問:「十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門。未審路頭在什麼處?」乾峰以柱杖畫一畫說:「在這裡。」(《宏智語錄》頌古 第六十一) 所謂『在這裡』,即是十方。所謂『薄伽梵』,即是拄杖(性相一體)。所謂『拄杖』,即是『在這裡』(一元性佛境的『有』『時』『界』是一相的)。『一路』,是十方。既如是,莫在翟曇的鼻孔裡藏拄杖,莫在拄杖的鼻孔裡撞著拄杖(即不要落入能所二元性的分別)。雖如是,然不要以為乾峰老漢已料理『十方薄伽梵,一路涅槃門』(道元是說乾峰老漢只談及『有』的部分)。只說明『在這裡』。『在這裡』,非無(即落入『有』),好在乾峰老漢自始未被拄杖瞞(不落性相的二元性)。 應該要以參學活鼻孔(佛向上的佛性真如法)為十方!
The Venerable Qianfeng was once asked by a monk, “The bhagavats in the ten directions are on one road to the gate of nirvāṇa. I
don’t understand, where are they on that road?” Qianfeng drew a mark with his staff and
said, “They are here.” This “they
are here” is “the ten directions”; “the bhagavats” are
the “staff”; the “staff” is “they are here”; the “one road” is “the ten directions.”
Nevertheless, do not hide the staff in the nose of Gautama; do not ram the
staff in the nose of the staff. Nevertheless, though this is the case, do not
think that old man Qianfeng has managed “the bhagavats in the ten directions” or “the road to the gate of nirvāṇa”: he
just says, “they are here.” It is not that “they
are here” is not the case; and it is fine so long as old man
Qianfeng is not from the start deceived by his staff. Overall, we just study
the living nose as the ten directions.
參考資料:
(1) 《正法眼藏》
道原 著 , 何燕生 譯註, 宗教文化出版社
(2) 《Shōbōgenzō》
http://web.stanford.edu/group/scbs/sztp3/translations/shobogenzo/translations/bussho/intro.html